A DissertationSubmitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree ofDoctor of Philosophy (Dr. Phil.)to the Department of Political and Social Sciencesof Freie Universität Berlinby: Rezvan MoghaddamBerlin, 2019 AcknowledgementsI dedicate this dissertation to the women’s rights defenders from the beginningof the women’s movement in Iran to the present day, making a difference throughtheir diverse...Read More

Women’s status and rights in contemporary Iran, and thereby the trajectory of Iranian women’s activism and feminist movements, seem paradoxical and complicated.2 For instance, how could women under a conservative Islamist clerical state, which has pursued sex segregation and many extreme forms of legal and practical discrimination against women, show impressive educational attainment, even surpassing...Read More

For the last few months several groups inside and outside of Iran began to discuss the future Iran after the political system of the Islamic republic has been fallen.  There are debates not only on the social media but also on the streets in Iran.  We know women are standing in front line for freedom...Read More